Schools of Management

Three well established Schools of management thought

classical,
behavioral and
quantitative

have contributed to managers understanding of organizations and to their ability to manage them.

Each offers a different perspective for defining management problems and opportunities and for developing ways to deal with them. In there current state of evolution however each approach also overlooks or deals inadequately with important aspects of organizational life.

The newer systems approach based on general systems theory, and contingency approach have already been developed to the point where they offer valuable insights for the practicing manager.

Eventually these most recently evolved perspective may lead to the integration of the classical, behavioural and quantitative schools ,on the other hand some new approach not yet perceived on the horizon may accomplish this end.

Five possible directions for the evolution of management theory:

Dominance
Divergence
Convergence
Synthesis
Proliferation

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